Menene Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer?

Menene Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer?

Polyurethane elastomer iri-iri ne na kayan roba na polyurethane (sauran nau'ikan suna nufin kumfa polyurethane, polyurethane adhesive, polyurethane shafi da fiber polyurethane), kuma Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer yana ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan polyurethane elastomer guda uku, Mutane galibi suna magana da shi azaman TPU (da. wasu manyan nau'ikan nau'ikan elastomer guda biyu na polyurethane an jefar da su polyurethane elastomer, an rage su da CPU, da gaurayewar polyurethane elastomer, an rage su a matsayin MPU).

TPU wani nau'i ne na elastomer na polyurethane wanda za'a iya yin filastik ta hanyar dumama da narkar da ta hanyar ƙarfi. Idan aka kwatanta da CPU da MPU, TPU yana da ɗanɗano ko babu haɗin haɗin sinadarai a tsarin sinadarai. Sarkarsa ta kwayoyin halitta madaidaiciya ce, amma akwai takamaiman adadin haɗin giciye ta zahiri. Wannan shi ne Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer wanda yake da siffa sosai a cikin tsari.

Tsarin da rarrabawar TPU

Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer ne (AB) toshe madaidaiciyar polymer. A yana wakiltar polyol na polymer (ester ko polyether, nauyin kwayoyin halitta na 1000 ~ 6000) tare da nauyin nauyin kwayoyin halitta, wanda ake kira dogon sarkar; B yana wakiltar diol mai ɗauke da atom ɗin carbon madaidaiciya 2-12, wanda ake kira gajeriyar sarkar.

A cikin tsarin Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, kashi A ana kiransa sashi mai laushi, wanda ke da halaye na sassauci da laushi, yin TPU yana da haɓaka; Sarkar urethane da aka haifar ta hanyar amsawa tsakanin sashin B da isocyanate ana kiransa sashi mai wuyar gaske, wanda ke da kaddarorin masu ƙarfi da ƙarfi. Ta hanyar daidaita ma'auni na sassan A da B, ana yin samfuran TPU tare da kaddarorin jiki da na inji daban-daban.

Dangane da tsarin sassa mai laushi, ana iya raba shi zuwa nau'in polyester, nau'in polyether, da nau'in butadiene, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙungiyar ester, ƙungiyar ether, ko rukunin butene. Dangane da tsarin sashi mai wuya, ana iya raba shi zuwa nau'in urethane da nau'in urethane urea, waɗanda aka samo su bi da bi daga sarkar ethylene glycol ko sarkar diamine. An raba rabe-raben gama gari zuwa nau'in polyester da nau'in polyether.

Menene albarkatun kasa don haɗin TPU?

(1) Polymer Diol

Diol macromolecular tare da nauyin kwayoyin halitta daga 500 zuwa 4000 da ƙungiyoyi masu aiki, tare da abun ciki na 50% zuwa 80% a cikin TPU elastomer, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin kayan jiki da sinadarai na TPU.

polymer Diol wanda ya dace da TPU elastomer za a iya raba shi zuwa polyester da polyether: polyester ya hada da polytetramethylene Adipic acid glycol (PBA) ε PCL, PHC; Polyethers sun haɗa da polyoxypropylene ether glycol (PPG), tetrahydrofuran polyether glycol (PTMG), da dai sauransu.

(2) Diisocyanate

Nauyin kwayoyin yana da ƙananan amma aikin yana da fice, wanda ba wai kawai yana taka rawar haɗawa mai laushi da yanki mai wuya ba, amma kuma yana ba da TPU tare da kyawawan kayan jiki da na inji. Diisocyanates da suka dace da TPU sune: Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), methylene bis (-4-cyclohexyl isocyanate) (HMDI), p-phenyldiisocyanate (PPDI), 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate (NDI), p-phenyldimethyldiisocyanate. PXDI), da dai sauransu.

(3) Mai sarkar sarka

Sarkar mai tsawo tare da nauyin kwayoyin halitta na 100 ~ 350, na ƙananan Diol na kwayoyin halitta, ƙananan nauyin kwayoyin halitta, tsarin sarkar budewa kuma babu wani rukuni mai maye gurbin da zai dace don samun babban taurin da babban nauyin TPU. Masu haɓaka sarkar da suka dace da TPU sun haɗa da 1,4-butanediol (BDO), 1,4-bis (2-hydroxyethoxy) benzene (HQEE), 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM), p-phenyldimethylglycol (PXG), da dai sauransu.

Aikace-aikacen Canjawa na TPU azaman Wakilin Ƙarfafawa

Domin rage farashin samfur da kuma samun ƙarin aiki, ana iya amfani da polyurethane thermoplastic elastomers kamar yadda aka saba amfani da su don ƙarfafa ma'aunin thermoplastic daban-daban da kayan roba da aka gyara.

Saboda girman polarity, polyurethane zai iya dacewa da polar resins ko rubbers, irin su chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don yin kayan kiwon lafiya; Haɗawa tare da ABS na iya maye gurbin injiniyoyin thermoplastics don amfani; Lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi tare da polycarbonate (PC), yana da kaddarorin kamar juriya na mai, juriya na man fetur, da juriya mai tasiri, kuma ana iya amfani dashi don yin jikin mota; Lokacin da aka haɗa shi da polyester, ana iya inganta taurinsa; Bugu da ƙari, yana iya dacewa da kyau tare da PVC, Polyoxymethylene ko PVDC; Polyester polyurethane zai iya dacewa da kyau tare da 15% Nitrile roba ko 40% nitrile roba / PVC gauraya; Polyether polyurethane kuma zai iya dacewa da kyau tare da 40% nitrile roba / polyvinyl chloride gauraye m; Hakanan zai iya zama mai jituwa tare da acrylonitrile styrene (SAN) copolymers; Yana iya ƙirƙirar tsarin cibiyar sadarwa mai shiga tsakani (IPN) tare da polysiloxanes mai amsawa. An riga an samar da mafi yawan abin haɗaɗɗen manne da aka ambata a sama bisa hukuma.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an sami karuwar bincike game da ƙarfafa POM ta TPU a kasar Sin. Haɗin TPU da POM ba wai kawai yana haɓaka juriya mai zafi da kayan aikin injiniya na TPU ba, har ma yana ƙarfafa POM sosai. Wasu masu bincike sun nuna cewa a cikin gwaje-gwajen ƙwanƙwasawa, idan aka kwatanta da matrix POM, POM alloy tare da TPU ya canza daga raguwa zuwa raguwa. Ƙarin TPU kuma yana ba da POM tare da aikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. Yankin crystalline na POM yana aiki azaman ƙayyadaddun lokaci na ƙirar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙirar siffa, yayin da yankin amorphous na TPU da POM amorphous yana aiki azaman lokaci mai juyawa. Lokacin da zazzabi mayar da martani ne 165 ℃ da dawo da lokaci ne 120 seconds, da dawo da kudi na gami ya kai kan 95%, da dawo da sakamako ne mafi kyau.

TPU yana da wuyar dacewa tare da kayan aikin polymer marasa iyaka kamar polyethylene, polypropylene, roba na Ethylene propylene, roba butadiene, roba isoprene ko sharar gida foda, kuma ba za a iya amfani da su don samar da composites tare da kyakkyawan aiki. Sabili da haka, ana amfani da hanyoyin jiyya na sama kamar plasma, corona, Wet chemistry, primer, harshen wuta ko gas mai amsawa ga na ƙarshe. Misali, Kamfanin Samfuran Jirgin Sama na Amurka da Kamfanin Sinadarai ya aiwatar da aikin F2/O2 mai aiki da iskar gas a kan ƙoshin lafiya mai nauyi mai nauyi na kwayoyin halitta tare da nauyin kwayoyin halitta na miliyan 3-5, kuma ya ƙara shi zuwa elastomer na polyurethane a wani rabo na 10. %. Hakanan ana iya amfani da jiyya na saman gas mai aiki na F2/O2 zuwa ga gajerun zaruruwa masu tsayi da tsayin 6-35mm, wanda zai iya haɓaka taurin kai da tsagewar kayan haɗin.

Menene yankunan aikace-aikacen TPU?

A 1958, Goodrich Chemical Company (yanzu an sake masa suna Lubrizol) ya yi rajistar alamar TPU Estane a karon farko. A cikin shekaru 40 da suka wuce, akwai fiye da 20 iri sunayen a duniya, kuma kowane iri yana da da dama jerin kayayyakin. A halin yanzu, manyan masana'antun TPU albarkatun kasa a duniya sune: BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Huntsman Corporation, McKinsey, Golding, da dai sauransu.

A matsayin elastomer mai kyau, TPU yana da nau'o'in samfurori masu yawa, waɗanda aka yi amfani da su a cikin kayan yau da kullum, kayan wasanni, kayan wasan yara, kayan ado, da sauran filayen. A ƙasa akwai 'yan misalai.

① Kayan takalma

Ana amfani da TPU da yawa don kayan takalma saboda kyakkyawan elasticity da juriya. Kayayyakin takalma da ke dauke da TPU sun fi dacewa da sawa fiye da kayan takalma na yau da kullum, don haka an fi amfani da su a cikin samfurori masu mahimmanci, musamman ma wasu takalman wasanni da takalma na yau da kullum.

② hoses

Saboda taushinsa, ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfi mai kyau, ƙarfin tasiri, da juriya ga yanayin zafi da ƙananan zafi, ana amfani da bututun TPU sosai a kasar Sin a matsayin iskar gas da man fetur don kayan aikin injiniya kamar jirgin sama, tankuna, motoci, babura, da kayan aikin inji.

③ Cable

TPU yana ba da juriya na hawaye, juriya, da halaye na lankwasawa, tare da tsayin daka da ƙarancin zafin jiki shine mabuɗin aikin kebul. Don haka a cikin kasuwannin kasar Sin, manyan igiyoyi irin su igiyoyi masu sarrafawa da igiyoyi masu amfani da wutar lantarki suna amfani da TPUs don kare kayan shafa na ƙirar kebul na hadaddun, kuma aikace-aikacen su yana ƙara yaduwa.

④ Na'urorin likitanci

TPU amintaccen abu ne, tsayayye kuma ingantaccen kayan maye gurbin PVC, wanda ba zai ƙunshi Phthalate da sauran abubuwa masu cutarwa ba, kuma zai yi ƙaura zuwa jini ko wasu ruwaye a cikin catheter na likita ko jakar likita don haifar da illa. Haka kuma, musamman ɓullo da extrusion sa da allura sa TPU za a iya sauƙi amfani da kadan debugging a data kasance PVC kayan aiki.

⑤ Motoci da sauran hanyoyin sufuri

Ta hanyar extruding da shafa bangarorin biyu na nailan masana'anta tare da elastomer na polyurethane, rafts na yaƙi da zazzagewa da rafts na leken asiri waɗanda ke ɗauke da mutane 3-15 za a iya yin su, tare da mafi kyawun aiki fiye da vulcanized roba inflatable rafts; Polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer da aka ƙarfafa tare da fiber gilashi za a iya amfani da shi don yin kayan aikin jiki kamar sassa masu gyare-gyare a ɓangarorin motar da kanta, fatun kofa, bumpers, ƙwanƙwasa anti friction, da grilles.