Mene ne thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer?

Mene ne thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer?

Polyurethane elastomer nau'ikan kayan roba ne na polyurethane (wasu nau'ikan suna nufin kumfa polyurethane, manne na polyurethane, rufin polyurethane da zare na polyurethane), kuma Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer yana ɗaya daga cikin nau'ikan polyurethane elastomer guda uku, Mutane galibi suna kiransa da TPU (sauran manyan nau'ikan polyurethane elastomer guda biyu sune polyurethane elastomers da aka jefa, an rage musu suna da CPU, da kuma gaurayen polyurethane elastomers, an rage musu suna da MPU).

TPU wani nau'in elastomer ne na polyurethane wanda za a iya haɗa shi da robobi ta hanyar dumamawa sannan a narkar da shi ta hanyar narkewa. Idan aka kwatanta da CPU da MPU, TPU ba ta da alaƙar sinadarai ko kaɗan ko babu haɗin sinadarai a cikin tsarin sinadaranta. Sarkar kwayoyin halittarta a zahiri tana layi ne, amma akwai wani adadin haɗin gwiwa na zahiri. Wannan shine elastomer polyurethane mai kama da Thermoplastic wanda yake da matuƙar siffa a cikin tsari.

Tsarin da rarrabuwa na TPU

Elastomer na polyurethane mai kama da thermoplastic (AB). A yana wakiltar polyol na polymer (ester ko polyether, nauyin kwayoyin halitta na 1000 ~ 6000) tare da babban nauyin kwayoyin halitta, wanda ake kira dogon sarka; B yana wakiltar diol wanda ke ɗauke da atom ɗin carbon madaidaiciya guda 2-12, wanda ake kira gajeriyar sarka.

A cikin tsarin elastomer na Thermoplastic polyurethane, ana kiran sashe na A sashi mai laushi, wanda ke da halayen sassauci da laushi, wanda ke sa TPU ta sami damar faɗaɗawa; Sarkar urethane da aka samar ta hanyar amsawar tsakanin sashin B da isocyanate ana kiranta sashe mai tauri, wanda ke da kaddarorin tauri da tauri. Ta hanyar daidaita rabon sassan A da B, ana yin samfuran TPU masu halaye daban-daban na jiki da na inji.

Dangane da tsarin sassa masu laushi, ana iya raba shi zuwa nau'in polyester, nau'in polyether, da nau'in butadiene, waɗanda ke ɗauke da rukunin ester, rukunin ether, ko ƙungiyar butene bi da bi. Dangane da tsarin sassa masu tauri, ana iya raba shi zuwa nau'in urethane da nau'in urea urea, waɗanda aka samo daga masu faɗaɗa sarkar ethylene glycol ko masu faɗaɗa sarkar diamine bi da bi. Rarraba gama gari an raba ta zuwa nau'in polyester da nau'in polyether.

Mene ne kayan aikin da ake amfani da su wajen haɗa TPU?

(1) Diol mai polymer

Diol na macromolecular tare da nauyin kwayoyin halitta daga 500 zuwa 4000 da ƙungiyoyi biyu masu aiki, tare da abun ciki na 50% zuwa 80% a cikin elastomer na TPU, yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin halayen jiki da sinadarai na TPU.

Ana iya raba polymer Diol da ya dace da TPU elastomer zuwa polyester da polyether: polyester ya haɗa da polytetramethylene Adipic acid glycol (PBA) ε PCL, PHC; Polyeters sun haɗa da polyoxypropylene ether glycol (PPG), tetrahydrofuran polyether glycol (PTMG), da sauransu.

(2) Diisocyanate

Nauyin kwayoyin halitta ƙarami ne amma aikin yana da ban mamaki, wanda ba wai kawai yana taka rawa wajen haɗa sashin laushi da ɓangaren tauri ba, har ma yana ba TPU kyawawan halaye na zahiri da na inji. Diisocyanates da suka dace da TPU sune: Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), methylene bis (-4-cyclohexyl isocyanate) (HMDI), p-phenyldiisocyanate (PPDI), 1,5-naphthalene diisocyanate (NDI), p-phenyldimethyl diisocyanate (PXDI), da sauransu.

(3) Mai faɗaɗa sarka

Mai faɗaɗa sarka mai nauyin kwayoyin halitta na 100~350, mallakar ƙaramin ƙwayar Diol, ƙaramin nauyin ƙwayoyin halitta, tsarin sarka mai buɗewa kuma babu wani rukunin maye gurbinsa da ke taimakawa wajen samun babban tauri da babban nauyin TPU. Masu faɗaɗa sarka da suka dace da TPU sun haɗa da 1,4-butanediol (BDO), 1,4-bis (2-hydroxyethoxy) benzene (HQEE), 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM), p-phenyldimethylglycol (PXG), da sauransu.

Gyaran Amfani da TPU a Matsayin Wakili Mai Ƙarfafawa

Domin rage farashin samfura da kuma samun ƙarin aiki, ana iya amfani da elastomers na thermoplastic polyurethane a matsayin masu tauri da aka saba amfani da su don ƙara ƙarfi ga kayan roba daban-daban da aka gyara.

Saboda yawan polarity ɗinsa, polyurethane na iya dacewa da resins ko roba na polar, kamar polyethylene mai chlorinated (CPE), wanda za a iya amfani da shi don yin kayayyakin likita; Haɗawa da ABS na iya maye gurbin thermoplastics na injiniya don amfani; Idan aka yi amfani da shi tare da polycarbonate (PC), yana da halaye kamar juriyar mai, juriyar mai, da juriyar tasiri, kuma ana iya amfani da shi don yin jikin mota; Idan aka haɗa shi da polycarbonate, ana iya inganta taurinsa; Bugu da ƙari, yana iya dacewa sosai da PVC, Polyoxymethylene ko PVDC; Polyester polyurethane na iya dacewa sosai da robar Nitrile 15% ko cakuda robar nitrile/PVC 40%; Polyether polyurethane kuma na iya dacewa sosai da manne na roba/polyvinyl chloride 40%; Hakanan yana iya dacewa da copolymers na acrylonitrile styrene (SAN); Yana iya samar da tsarin hanyoyin sadarwa na interpenetrating (IPN) tare da polysiloxanes masu amsawa. An riga an samar da mafi yawan manne-manne da aka ambata a sama a hukumance.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an sami ƙaruwar bincike kan ƙarfafa POM ta hanyar TPU a China. Haɗa TPU da POM ba wai kawai yana inganta juriya mai zafi da halayen injiniya na TPU ba, har ma yana ƙara ƙarfin POM sosai. Wasu masu bincike sun nuna cewa a cikin gwaje-gwajen karyewar ƙarfi, idan aka kwatanta da matrix na POM, haɗin POM tare da TPU ya canza daga karyewar rauni zuwa karyewar ductile. Ƙara TPU kuma yana ba POM aikin ƙwaƙwalwar siffa. Yankin lu'ulu'u na POM yana aiki a matsayin matakin da aka saita na haɗin ƙwaƙwalwar siffa, yayin da yankin amorphous na TPU da POM yana aiki a matsayin matakin da za a iya juyawa. Lokacin da zafin amsawar murmurewa ya kasance 165 ℃ kuma lokacin murmurewa ya kasance daƙiƙa 120, ƙimar murmurewa na haɗin ya kai sama da 95%, kuma tasirin murmurewa shine mafi kyau.

Yana da wuya a yi amfani da TPU da kayan polymer marasa polar kamar polyethylene, polypropylene, robar Ethylene propylene, robar butadiene, robar isoprene ko foda na roba mai sharar gida, kuma ba za a iya amfani da shi don samar da haɗakar abubuwa masu kyau ba. Saboda haka, ana amfani da hanyoyin magance saman kamar plasma, corona, Wet chemistry, primer, harshen wuta ko iskar gas mai amsawa ga na ƙarshe. Misali, Kamfanin American Air Products and Chemicals ya gudanar da maganin saman iskar gas mai aiki na F2/O2 akan foda mai nauyin polyethylene mai matuƙar nauyi tare da nauyin kwayoyin halitta na miliyan 3-5, kuma ya ƙara shi zuwa polyurethane elastomer a rabo na 10%, wanda zai iya inganta yanayin Flexural, ƙarfin tensile da juriyar lalacewa sosai. Kuma maganin saman iskar gas mai aiki na F2/O2 kuma ana iya amfani da shi ga zare masu tsayin daka tare da tsawon 6-35mm, wanda zai iya inganta tauri da tauri na kayan haɗin.

Mene ne wuraren amfani da TPU?

A shekarar 1958, Kamfanin Goodrich Chemical Company (wanda yanzu aka sake masa suna Lubrizol) ya yi rijistar alamar TPU Estane a karon farko. A cikin shekaru 40 da suka gabata, akwai sunayen kamfanoni sama da 20 a duniya, kuma kowace alama tana da jerin kayayyaki da dama. A halin yanzu, manyan masana'antun kayan TPU a duniya sune: BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Huntsman Corporation, McKinsey, Golding, da sauransu.

A matsayinta na elastomer mai kyau, TPU tana da nau'ikan kayayyaki iri-iri, waɗanda ake amfani da su sosai a cikin abubuwan yau da kullun, kayan wasanni, kayan wasa, kayan ado, da sauran fannoni. Ga wasu misalai kaɗan.

① Kayan takalma

Ana amfani da TPU galibi don kayan takalma saboda kyawun laushi da juriyar sawa. Kayayyakin takalmi masu ɗauke da TPU sun fi dacewa a saka fiye da samfuran takalma na yau da kullun, don haka ana amfani da su sosai a cikin samfuran takalma masu tsada, musamman wasu takalman wasanni da takalma na yau da kullun.

② Bututun ruwa

Saboda laushinsa, ƙarfinsa mai kyau, ƙarfin tasiri, da kuma juriya ga yanayin zafi mai yawa da ƙasa, ana amfani da bututun TPU sosai a China a matsayin bututun iskar gas da mai don kayan aikin injiniya kamar jiragen sama, tankuna, motoci, babura, da kayan aikin injin.

③ Kebul

TPU tana ba da juriya ga hawaye, juriya ga lalacewa, da kuma lanƙwasawa, tare da juriya mai yawa da ƙarancin zafin jiki shine mabuɗin aikin kebul. Don haka a kasuwar China, kebul na zamani kamar kebul na sarrafawa da kebul na wutar lantarki suna amfani da TPUs don kare kayan shafa na ƙirar kebul masu rikitarwa, kuma aikace-aikacen su yana ƙara yaɗuwa.

④ Na'urorin likitanci

TPU abu ne mai aminci, mai karko kuma mai inganci na madadin PVC, wanda ba zai ƙunshi Phthalate da sauran sinadarai masu cutarwa ba, kuma zai ƙaura zuwa jini ko wasu ruwaye a cikin catheter na likita ko jakar likita don haifar da illa. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya amfani da TPU na musamman da aka ƙera musamman tare da ɗan gyara kayan aikin PVC da ke akwai.

⑤ Motoci da sauran hanyoyin sufuri

Ta hanyar fitar da kuma shafa bangarorin biyu na yadin nailan da polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer, ana iya yin rafts na yaƙi masu inflatable da rafts na leƙen asiri waɗanda ke ɗauke da mutane 3-15, tare da ingantaccen aiki fiye da rafts na roba masu inflatable; Ana iya amfani da elastomer na thermoplastic na polyurethane da aka ƙarfafa da zare na gilashi don yin abubuwan jiki kamar sassan da aka ƙera a ɓangarorin motar, fatun ƙofa, bumpers, sandunan hana gogayya, da grilles.