TPU shine elastomer na thermoplastic polyurethane, wanda shine multiphase block copolymer wanda ya ƙunshi diisocyanates, polyols, da masu haɓaka sarkar. A matsayin elastomer mai girma, TPU yana da nau'i mai yawa na kwatance samfurin ƙasa kuma ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin buƙatun yau da kullun, kayan wasanni, kayan wasa, kayan ado, da sauran filayen, kamar kayan takalma, hoses, igiyoyi, na'urorin likitanci, da sauransu.
A halin yanzu, manyan masana'antun albarkatun ƙasa na TPU sun haɗa da BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Huntsman, Wanhua Chemical,Sabbin Kayayyakin Linghua, da sauransu. Tare da shimfidawa da haɓaka ƙarfin kasuwancin cikin gida, masana'antar TPU a halin yanzu tana da gasa sosai. Duk da haka, a fannin aikace-aikace mai daraja, har yanzu yana dogara ne kan shigo da kayayyaki, wanda kuma yanki ne da kasar Sin ke bukatar samun ci gaba a cikinta. Bari mu yi magana game da makomar kasuwa na kayayyakin TPU.
1. Supercritical kumfa E-TPU
A cikin 2012, Adidas da BASF tare sun haɓaka alamar takalmi mai gudu EnergyBoost, wanda ke amfani da kumfa TPU (infinergy sunan kasuwanci) azaman kayan tsakiya. Saboda amfani da polyether TPU tare da Shore A taurin 80-85 a matsayin substrate, idan aka kwatanta da EVA midsoles, kumfa TPU midsoles na iya kula da kyau elasticity da taushi a cikin mahallin da ke ƙasa da 0 ℃, wanda ke inganta sawa ta'aziyya kuma an san shi sosai a ciki. kasuwa.
2. Fiber ƙarfafa gyare-gyaren kayan haɗin TPU
TPU yana da kyakkyawar juriya mai tasiri, amma a wasu aikace-aikace, ana buƙatar babban ƙarfin roba da kayan aiki mai wuyar gaske. Gyaran ƙarfin fiber gilashin fasaha ce da aka saba amfani da ita don haɓaka ma'auni na kayan aiki. Ta hanyar gyare-gyare, thermoplastic composite kayan da yawa abũbuwan amfãni kamar high na roba modulus, mai kyau rufi, mai karfi zafi juriya, mai kyau na roba aikin dawo da, mai kyau lalata juriya, tasiri juriya, low coefficient na fadada, da kuma girma da kwanciyar hankali za a iya samu.
BASF ta gabatar da fasaha don shirya babban fiberglass fiberglass ƙarfafa TPU ta amfani da gajeren filaye na gilashi a cikin haƙƙin mallaka. TPU tare da taurin Shore D na 83 an haɗa shi ta hanyar haɗa polytetrafluoroethylene glycol (PTMEG, Mn = 1000), MDI, da 1,4-butanediol (BDO) tare da 1,3-propanediol azaman albarkatun ƙasa. An haɗa wannan TPU tare da fiber na gilashi a cikin yawan adadin 52:48 don samun kayan da aka haɗa tare da ma'auni na roba na 18.3 GPa da ƙarfin ƙarfin 244 MPa.
Baya ga fiber gilashi, akwai kuma rahotannin samfuran da ke amfani da carbon fiber composite TPU, irin su Covestro's Maezio carbon fiber/TPU composite board, wanda ke da modules na roba har zuwa 100GPa da ƙananan yawa fiye da karafa.
3. Halogen free wuta retardant TPU
TPU yana da babban ƙarfi, babban ƙarfi, kyakkyawan juriya na lalacewa da sauran kaddarorin, yana mai da shi kayan kwalliyar da ya dace sosai don wayoyi da igiyoyi. Amma a cikin filayen aikace-aikacen kamar tashoshin caji, ana buƙatar ƙarin jinkirin wuta. Gabaɗaya akwai hanyoyi guda biyu don haɓaka aikin jinkirin harshen wuta na TPU. Ɗayan shine gyaggyarawa mai ɗaukar harshen wuta, wanda ya haɗa da gabatar da kayan hana wuta kamar su polyols ko isocyanates mai ɗauke da phosphorus, nitrogen, da sauran abubuwa a cikin haɗin TPU ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar sinadarai; Na biyu shine gyare-gyaren gyare-gyaren harshen wuta, wanda ya haɗa da amfani da TPU a matsayin ma'auni da ƙara abubuwan wuta don narke hadawa.
Gyaran amsawa zai iya canza tsarin TPU, amma lokacin da adadin ƙarar harshen wuta ya yi girma, ƙarfin TPU yana raguwa, aikin sarrafawa ya lalace, kuma ƙara ƙaramin adadin ba zai iya cimma matakin da ake buƙata ba. A halin yanzu, babu wani samfur mai ɗaukar wuta mai ƙarfi a kasuwa wanda zai iya cika aikace-aikacen tashoshin caji da gaske.
Tsohon Bayer MaterialScience (yanzu Kostron) ya taɓa gabatar da sinadarin phosphorus mai ɗauke da polyol (IHPO) bisa tushen phosphine oxide a cikin haƙƙin mallaka. The polyether TPU hada daga IHPO, PTMEG-1000, 4,4 '- MDI, da kuma BDO nuna m harshen wuta retardanency da inji Properties. Tsarin extrusion yana da santsi, kuma saman samfurin yana da santsi.
Ƙara masu kare harshen wuta marasa halogen a halin yanzu shine hanyar fasaha da aka fi amfani da ita don shirya TPU mai ɗaukar harshen wuta mara halogen. Gabaɗaya, tushen phosphorus, tushen nitrogen, tushen silicon, tushen harshen wuta na boron ana haɗa su ko kuma ana amfani da hydroxides na ƙarfe azaman mai hana wuta. Saboda ƙoshin wuta na TPU, ana buƙatar adadin cikon wuta fiye da 30% sau da yawa don samar da barga mai jujjuyawar wuta yayin konewa. Duk da haka, lokacin da adadin wutar da aka ƙara ya yi girma, wutar lantarki ba ta da kyau a cikin TPU substrate, kuma kayan aikin injiniya na TPU na harshen wuta ba su da kyau, wanda kuma ya iyakance aikace-aikacensa da haɓakawa a filayen kamar hoses, fina-finai. , da igiyoyi.
Tabbacin BASF yana gabatar da fasahar TPU mai ɗaukar harshen wuta, wanda ke haɗa melamine polyphosphate da phosphorus mai ɗauke da abin da aka samu na phosphinic acid a matsayin mai riƙe da wuta tare da TPU tare da matsakaicin nauyin kwayoyin halitta fiye da 150kDa. An gano cewa an inganta aikin jinkirin harshen wuta sosai yayin da ake samun ƙarfi mai ƙarfi.
Don ƙara haɓaka ƙarfin juzu'i na kayan, takardar shaidar BASF ta gabatar da wata hanya don shirya mashin haɗin gwiwar mashin ɗin da ke ɗauke da isocyanates. Ƙara 2% na wannan nau'in masterbatch zuwa abun da ke ciki wanda ya dace da bukatun UL94V-0 na harshen wuta na iya ƙara ƙarfin ƙarfin kayan aiki daga 35MPa zuwa 40MPa yayin da yake riƙe da aikin V-0 na harshen wuta.
Don inganta zafin tsufa juriya na harshen wuta-retardant TPU, da lamban kira naKamfanin Sabon Kayayyakin LinghuaHar ila yau, ya gabatar da hanyar yin amfani da saman rufin hydroxides a matsayin mai kare wuta. Domin inganta hydrolysis juriya na harshen wuta-retardant TPU,Kamfanin Sabon Kayayyakin Linghuagabatar da karfe carbonate bisa ga ƙara melamine harshen retardant a cikin wani lamban kira aikace-aikace.
4. TPU don fim ɗin kariya na fenti na mota
Fim ɗin kariya na fenti na mota fim ne mai kariya wanda ke keɓance saman fenti daga iska bayan shigarwa, yana hana ruwan sama na acid, oxidation, scratches, kuma yana ba da kariya mai dorewa ga farfajiyar fenti. Babban aikinsa shine kare fuskar fenti na mota bayan shigarwa. Fim ɗin kariya na fenti gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi nau'ikan yadudduka uku, tare da murfin warkar da kai akan saman, fim ɗin polymer a tsakiya, da mannen matsa lamba acrylic a ƙasan Layer. TPU shine ɗayan manyan kayan don shirya fina-finai na polymer na matsakaici.
Abubuwan da ake buƙata don TPU da aka yi amfani da su a cikin fim ɗin kariya na fenti sune kamar haka: juriya mai ƙarfi, babban nuna gaskiya (watsawa haske> 95%), ƙarancin zafin jiki, juriya mai zafi, ƙarfin ƙarfi> 50MPa, elongation> 400%, da Shore A. kewayon taurin 87-93; Mafi mahimmancin aikin shine juriya na yanayi, wanda ya haɗa da juriya ga tsufa na UV, lalatawar oxidative na thermal, da hydrolysis.
A halin yanzu balagagge kayayyakin su ne aliphatic TPU shirya daga dicyclohexyl diisocyanate (H12MDI) da polycaprolactone diol a matsayin albarkatun kasa. TPU aromatic na yau da kullun yana jujjuya rawaya bayan kwana ɗaya na hasken UV, yayin da aliphatic TPU da aka yi amfani da shi don fim ɗin mota na iya kula da ƙimar launin rawaya ba tare da manyan canje-canje a ƙarƙashin yanayi iri ɗaya ba.
Poly (ε - caprolactone) TPU yana da mafi daidaiton aiki idan aka kwatanta da polyether da polyester TPU. A gefe guda, yana iya nuna kyakkyawan juriya na tsagewar TPU na polyester na yau da kullun, yayin da a gefe guda, kuma yana nuna ƙwaƙƙwarar ƙarancin ƙarancin matsawa na dindindin da babban aikin sake dawo da polyether TPU, don haka ana amfani dashi sosai a kasuwa.
Dangane da buƙatu daban-daban don ingancin ƙimar samfur bayan rarrabuwar kasuwa, tare da haɓaka fasahar suturar ƙasa da ikon daidaita tsarin mannewa, akwai kuma damar polyether ko na yau da kullun polyester H12MDI aliphatic TPU da za a yi amfani da su don yin fim ɗin kariya na fenti a nan gaba.
5. Biobased TPU
Hanyar gama gari don shirya TPU tushen bio shine gabatar da monomers na tushen halittu ko tsaka-tsaki yayin aiwatar da polymerization, kamar su isocyanates na tushen halittu (kamar MDI, PDI), polyols na tushen halittu, da sauransu. kasuwa, yayin da polyols na biobased sun fi kowa.
Dangane da isocyanates na tushen bio, tun farkon 2000, BASF, Covestro, da sauransu sun ba da himma sosai a cikin binciken PDI, kuma an sanya rukunin farko na samfuran PDI a kasuwa a cikin 2015-2016. Wanhua Chemical ya haɓaka samfuran TPU na tushen 100% ta hanyar amfani da PDI mai tushen halittu da aka yi daga murhun masara.
A cikin sharuddan bio tushen polyols, ya hada da bio-based polytetrafluoroethylene (PTMEG), bio tushen 1,4-butanediol (BDO), bio tushen 1,3-propanediol (PDO), bio tushen polyester polyols, bio tushen polyether polyols, da dai sauransu.
A halin yanzu, masana'antun TPU da yawa sun ƙaddamar da TPU na tushen halittu, waɗanda aikinsu yayi kama da TPU tushen petrochemical na gargajiya. Babban bambanci tsakanin waɗannan tushen TPUs na bio ya ta'allaka ne a cikin matakin tushen abun ciki, gabaɗaya daga 30% zuwa 40%, tare da wasu ma suna samun manyan matakai. Idan aka kwatanta da TPU tushen petrochemical na gargajiya, tushen TPU na bio yana da fa'idodi kamar rage hayakin carbon, ci gaba mai dorewa na albarkatun ƙasa, samar da kore, da kiyaye albarkatu. BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Wanhua Chemical, daSabbin Kayayyakin Linghuasun ƙaddamar da samfuran su na tushen halittu na TPU, da raguwar carbon da ɗorewa suma mahimman kwatance don haɓaka TPU a nan gaba.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-09-2024