TPU wani nau'in elastomer ne na polyurethane thermoplastic, wanda yake wani nau'in copolymer ne mai matakai da yawa wanda ya ƙunshi diisocyanates, polyols, da kuma masu faɗaɗa sarka. A matsayinsa na elastomer mai aiki mai kyau, TPU yana da nau'ikan hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki iri-iri kuma ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin abubuwan yau da kullun, kayan wasanni, kayan wasa, kayan ado, da sauran fannoni, kamar kayan takalma, bututu, kebul, na'urorin likitanci, da sauransu.
A halin yanzu, manyan masana'antun kayan TPU sun haɗa da BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Huntsman, Wanhua Chemical,Sabbin Kayayyakin Linghua, da sauransu. Tare da tsarin da faɗaɗa ƙarfin kasuwancin cikin gida, masana'antar TPU a halin yanzu tana da gasa sosai. Duk da haka, a fannin aikace-aikacen zamani, har yanzu tana dogara ne akan shigo da kayayyaki daga ƙasashen waje, wanda kuma yanki ne da China ke buƙatar cimma nasara a ciki. Bari mu yi magana game da makomar kasuwa ta samfuran TPU a nan gaba.
1. E-TPU mai kumfa mai ƙarfi
A shekarar 2012, Adidas da BASF sun haɗu suka ƙirƙiro alamar takalman gudu ta EnergyBoost, wacce ke amfani da TPU mai kumfa (sunan kasuwanci infinergy) a matsayin kayan tsakiyar tafin. Saboda amfani da polyether TPU mai taurin Shore A na 80-85 a matsayin substrate, idan aka kwatanta da EVA midtales, TPU midtales masu kumfa har yanzu suna iya kiyaye kyakkyawan laushi da laushi a cikin yanayi ƙasa da 0 ℃, wanda ke inganta jin daɗin sakawa kuma an san shi sosai a kasuwa.
2. Kayan haɗin TPU da aka gyara da aka ƙarfafa da zare
TPU tana da kyakkyawan juriya ga tasiri, amma a wasu aikace-aikace, ana buƙatar babban modulus na roba da kayan aiki masu tauri. Gyaran ƙarfafa zaren gilashi wata dabara ce da aka saba amfani da ita don ƙara yawan modulus na roba na kayan. Ta hanyar gyarawa, ana iya samun kayan haɗin thermoplastic masu fa'idodi da yawa kamar babban modulus na roba, kyakkyawan rufi, juriya mai ƙarfi ga zafi, kyakkyawan aikin dawo da roba, kyakkyawan juriya ga tsatsa, juriya ga tasiri, ƙarancin faɗaɗawa, da kwanciyar hankali na girma.
BASF ta gabatar da wata fasaha don shirya babban ƙarfin fiberglass mai ƙarfi na TPU ta amfani da zare mai gajeriyar gilashi a cikin haƙƙin mallaka. An haɗa TPU mai taurin Shore D na 83 ta hanyar haɗa polytetrafluoroethylene glycol (PTMEG, Mn=1000), MDI, da 1,4-butanediol (BDO) tare da 1,3-propanediol a matsayin kayan masarufi. An haɗa wannan TPU da zaren gilashi a cikin rabo na taro na 52:48 don samun kayan haɗin gwiwa tare da modulus na roba na 18.3 GPa da ƙarfin tensile na 244 MPa.
Baya ga zare na gilashi, akwai rahotannin samfuran da ke amfani da TPU na haɗakar carbon fiber, kamar allon haɗakar carbon fiber/TPU na Covestro's Maezio, wanda ke da modulus mai laushi har zuwa 100GPa kuma yana da ƙarancin yawa fiye da ƙarfe.
3. TPU mai hana harshen wuta mara halogen
TPU tana da ƙarfi mai yawa, ƙarfi mai yawa, juriya mai kyau ga lalacewa da sauran halaye, wanda hakan ya sa ta zama kayan da suka dace da wayoyi da kebul. Amma a fannoni kamar tashoshin caji, ana buƙatar ƙarin juriya ga wuta. Gabaɗaya akwai hanyoyi guda biyu don inganta aikin hana wuta na TPU. Ɗaya shine gyara hana wuta mai amsawa, wanda ya haɗa da shigar da kayan hana wuta kamar polyols ko isocyanates waɗanda ke ɗauke da phosphorus, nitrogen, da sauran abubuwa cikin haɗa TPU ta hanyar haɗin sinadarai; Na biyu shine gyara hana wuta mai ƙari, wanda ya haɗa da amfani da TPU azaman substrate da ƙara hana wuta don haɗa narkewa.
Gyaran amsawa na iya canza tsarin TPU, amma idan adadin abin hana harshen wuta mai ƙari ya yi yawa, ƙarfin TPU yana raguwa, aikin sarrafawa yana raguwa, kuma ƙara ƙaramin adadin ba zai iya cimma matakin hana harshen wuta da ake buƙata ba. A halin yanzu, babu wani samfurin hana harshen wuta mai ƙarfi da ake samu a kasuwa wanda zai iya dacewa da aikace-aikacen tashoshin caji.
Tsohon Bayer MaterialScience (wanda yanzu ake kira Kostron) ya taɓa gabatar da wani sinadarin phosphorus na halitta wanda ke ɗauke da polyol (IHPO) bisa ga phosphine oxide a cikin takardar shaidar mallaka. Polyether TPU da aka haɗa daga IHPO, PTMEG-1000, 4,4 '- MDI, da BDO yana nuna kyakkyawan juriya ga harshen wuta da kuma halayen injiniya. Tsarin fitar da shi yana da santsi, kuma saman samfurin yana da santsi.
Ƙara masu hana harshen wuta marasa halogen a halin yanzu ita ce hanyar fasaha da aka fi amfani da ita don shirya TPU mai hana harshen wuta marasa halogen. Gabaɗaya, masu hana harshen wuta waɗanda aka yi da phosphorus, waɗanda aka yi da nitrogen, waɗanda aka yi da silicon, waɗanda aka yi da boron ko kuma ana amfani da su a matsayin masu hana harshen wuta. Saboda ƙarfin harshen wuta na TPU, ana buƙatar adadin cika mai hana harshen wuta fiye da 30% don samar da Layer mai hana harshen wuta mai ƙarfi yayin ƙonewa. Duk da haka, idan adadin mai hana harshen wuta da aka ƙara ya yi yawa, mai hana harshen wuta ba ya warwatse daidai gwargwado a cikin substrate na TPU, kuma halayen injin na TPU mai hana harshen wuta ba su da kyau, wanda kuma yana iyakance amfani da shi da haɓaka shi a fannoni kamar bututu, fina-finai, da kebul.
Takardar mallakar BASF ta gabatar da fasahar TPU mai hana harshen wuta, wadda ke haɗa sinadarin melamine polyphosphate da phosphorus mai ɗauke da sinadarin phosphinic acid a matsayin masu hana harshen wuta tare da TPU mai nauyin nauyi fiye da 150kDa. An gano cewa aikin hana harshen wuta ya inganta sosai yayin da yake samun ƙarfin juriya mai yawa.
Domin ƙara inganta ƙarfin juriyar kayan, haƙƙin mallaka na BASF ya gabatar da wata hanya ta shirya babban ma'aikacin haɗin gwiwa wanda ke ɗauke da isocyanates. Ƙara kashi 2% na wannan nau'in ma'aikacin ga wani abu da ya cika buƙatun mai hana harshen wuta na UL94V-0 zai iya ƙara ƙarfin juriyar kayan daga 35MPa zuwa 40MPa yayin da yake kiyaye aikin mai hana harshen wuta na V-0.
Don inganta juriyar tsufa na TPU mai hana harshen wuta, patent naKamfanin Sabbin Kayayyaki na Linguakuma ya gabatar da wata hanyar amfani da ƙarfe mai rufi a saman ruwa a matsayin masu hana harshen wuta. Domin inganta juriyar hydrolysis na TPU mai hana harshen wuta,Kamfanin Sabbin Kayayyaki na LinguaAn gabatar da ƙarfe carbonate bisa ga ƙara mai hana harshen wuta na melamine a cikin wani aikace-aikacen haƙƙin mallaka.
4. TPU don fim ɗin kariya daga fenti na mota
Fim ɗin kariya daga fenti na mota fim ne mai kariya wanda ke ware saman fenti daga iska bayan shigarwa, yana hana ruwan sama mai guba, iskar oxygen, ƙaiƙayi, kuma yana ba da kariya mai ɗorewa ga saman fenti. Babban aikinsa shine kare saman fenti na mota bayan shigarwa. Fim ɗin kariya daga fenti gabaɗaya ya ƙunshi layuka uku, tare da murfin warkar da kansa a saman, fim ɗin polymer a tsakiya, da manne mai saurin amsawa ga matsin lamba a ƙasan Layer. TPU yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan kayan da ake amfani da su wajen shirya fina-finan polymer na matsakaici.
Bukatun aiki na TPU da ake amfani da su a cikin fim ɗin kariya na fenti sune kamar haka: juriyar karce, babban bayyananne (haske watsawa>95%), sassaucin ƙarancin zafin jiki, juriya mai zafi, ƙarfin tensile>50MPa, tsawaita>400%, da kewayon taurin Shore A na 87-93; Mafi mahimmancin aiki shine juriyar yanayi, wanda ya haɗa da juriya ga tsufa na UV, lalacewar yanayin zafi, da kuma hydrolysis.
Kayayyakin da suka tsufa a halin yanzu sune TPU na aliphatic da aka shirya daga dicyclohexyl diisocyanate (H12MDI) da polycaprolactone diol a matsayin kayan masarufi. TPU mai ƙamshi na yau da kullun yana canzawa da launin rawaya bayan kwana ɗaya na hasken UV, yayin da TPU na aliphatic da ake amfani da shi don fim ɗin naɗe mota zai iya ci gaba da kasancewa mai launin rawaya ba tare da manyan canje-canje a ƙarƙashin yanayi iri ɗaya ba.
Poly (ε – caprolactone) TPU yana da daidaiton aiki idan aka kwatanta da polyether da polyester TPU. A gefe guda, yana iya nuna kyakkyawan juriya ga tsagewa na polyester na yau da kullun na TPU, yayin da a gefe guda kuma, yana nuna kyakkyawan ƙarancin matsi na dindindin da kuma babban aikin sake dawowa na polyether TPU, don haka ana amfani da shi sosai a kasuwa.
Saboda buƙatu daban-daban na ingancin farashi bayan rarrabuwar kasuwa, tare da haɓaka fasahar rufe saman da ikon daidaita dabarar manne, akwai kuma damar amfani da polyether ko polyester H12MDI aliphatic TPU a kan fina-finan kariya na fenti a nan gaba.
5. TPU mai tushen halitta
Hanyar da aka saba amfani da ita wajen shirya TPU mai tushen bio ita ce gabatar da monomers ko tsaka-tsaki na bio a lokacin tsarin polymerization, kamar isocyanates masu tushen bio (kamar MDI, PDI), polyols masu tushen bio, da sauransu. Daga cikinsu, isocyanates masu tushen bio ba kasafai ake samun su a kasuwa ba, yayin da polyols masu tushen bio suka fi yawa.
Dangane da isocyanates masu tushen bio, tun farkon shekarar 2000, BASF, Covestro, da sauransu sun saka himma sosai a binciken PDI, kuma an fara amfani da rukunin farko na kayayyakin PDI a kasuwa a tsakanin shekarar 2015-2016. Wanhua Chemical ta ƙirƙiro samfuran TPU masu tushen bio 100% ta amfani da PDI mai tushen bio da aka yi da murhun masara.
Dangane da polyols na bio, ya haɗa da polytetrafluoroethylene na bio (PTMEG), bio based 1,4-butanediol (BDO), bio based 1,3-propanediol (PDO), bio based polyester polyols, bio based polyether polyols, da sauransu.
A halin yanzu, masana'antun TPU da yawa sun ƙaddamar da TPU bisa bio, wanda aikinsa yayi daidai da TPU bisa man fetur na gargajiya. Babban bambanci tsakanin waɗannan TPU bisa bio yana cikin matakin abun ciki bisa bio, gabaɗaya yana farawa daga 30% zuwa 40%, tare da wasu ma suna cimma matakai mafi girma. Idan aka kwatanta da TPU bisa man fetur na gargajiya, TPU bisa bio yana da fa'idodi kamar rage hayakin carbon, sake farfaɗo da albarkatun ƙasa mai ɗorewa, samar da kore, da kiyaye albarkatu. BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Wanhua Chemical, daSabbin Kayayyakin Linghuasun ƙaddamar da samfuran TPU ɗinsu na halitta, kuma rage gurɓataccen carbon da dorewa suma manyan alkibla ne ga ci gaban TPU a nan gaba.
Lokacin Saƙo: Agusta-09-2024