A shekarar 1958, Kamfanin Goodrich Chemical Company (wanda yanzu aka sake masa suna Lubrizol) ya yi rijistar alamar TPU Estane a karon farko. A cikin shekaru 40 da suka gabata, akwai sunayen kamfanoni sama da 20 a duk duniya, kuma kowace alama tana da jerin kayayyaki da dama. A halin yanzu, masana'antun kayan TPU galibi sun haɗa da BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Huntsman Corporation, Wanhua Chemical Group, Shanghai Heng'an, Ruihua, Xuchuan Chemical, da sauransu.
1, Nau'in TPU
Dangane da tsarin sassa masu laushi, ana iya raba shi zuwa nau'in polyester, nau'in polyether, da nau'in butadiene, waɗanda ke ɗauke da ƙungiyar ester, ƙungiyar ether, ko ƙungiyar butene bi da bi.
Dangane da tsarin sassa masu tauri, ana iya raba shi zuwa nau'in urethane da nau'in urethane, waɗanda aka samo su bi da bi daga masu faɗaɗa sarkar ethylene glycol ko masu faɗaɗa sarkar diamine. Rarrabawar gama gari an raba ta zuwa nau'in polyester da nau'in polyether.
Dangane da kasancewar ko rashin haɗin giciye, ana iya raba shi zuwa tsarkakken thermoplastic da kuma rabin thermoplastic.
Na farko yana da tsari mai tsabta kuma babu haɗin gwiwa; na biyun yana ɗauke da ƙaramin adadin haɗin gwiwa kamar Allophanic acid ester.
Dangane da amfani da samfuran da aka gama, ana iya raba su zuwa sassa masu fasali (nau'ikan kayan injin daban-daban), bututu (masu ɓoye, bayanan mashaya), fina-finai (zanen gado, faranti na bakin ciki), manne, shafi, zare, da sauransu.
2, Tsarin TPU
TPU na cikin polyurethane dangane da tsarin kwayoyin halitta. To, ta yaya aka tara shi?
Dangane da hanyoyin hadawa daban-daban, galibi ana raba shi zuwa polymerization mai yawa da polymerization na mafita.
A cikin polymerization mai yawa, ana iya raba shi zuwa hanyar pre polymerization da hanyar mataki ɗaya bisa ga kasancewar ko rashin pre-reactions:
Hanyar da aka yi amfani da ita wajen yin amfani da diisocyanate ta hanyar amfani da macromolecular diols na wani lokaci kafin a ƙara tsawon sarka don samar da TPU;
Hanyar mataki ɗaya ta ƙunshi haɗawa da kuma mayar da martani ga macromolecular diols, diisocyanates, da kuma sarkar extenders a lokaci guda don samar da TPU.
Tsarin polymerization na mafita ya ƙunshi narkar da diisocyanate a cikin wani sinadari mai narkewa, sannan a ƙara diols na macromolecular don amsawa na wani lokaci, sannan a ƙarshe a ƙara masu faɗaɗa sarka don samar da TPU.
Nau'in sashin laushi na TPU, nauyin kwayoyin halitta, abun ciki na sassa masu tauri ko laushi, da yanayin tarin TPU na iya shafar yawan TPU, tare da yawan da ya kai kusan 1.10-1.25, kuma babu wani bambanci mai mahimmanci idan aka kwatanta da sauran roba da robobi.
A irin wannan taurin, yawan nau'in polyether TPU ya yi ƙasa da na nau'in polyester TPU.
3. Tsarin TPU
Ƙwayoyin TPU suna buƙatar hanyoyi daban-daban don samar da samfurin ƙarshe, galibi suna amfani da hanyoyin narkewa da mafita don sarrafa TPU.
Sarrafa narkewa tsari ne da aka saba amfani da shi a masana'antar filastik, kamar haɗawa, birgima, fitar da iska, busa ƙaho, da kuma ƙera shi;
Sarrafa maganin shine tsarin shirya maganin ta hanyar narkar da ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin wani abu mai narkewa ko kuma sanya su kai tsaye a cikin wani abu mai narkewa, sannan a shafa, a juya, da sauransu.
Samfurin ƙarshe da aka yi da TPU gabaɗaya baya buƙatar haɗin gwiwa na vulcanization, wanda zai iya rage zagayowar samarwa da sake amfani da kayan sharar gida.
4, Aikin TPU
TPU tana da babban modulus, ƙarfi mai yawa, tsayin daka da sassauƙa, juriya mai kyau ga lalacewa, juriya ga mai, juriya ga ƙarancin zafin jiki, da juriya ga tsufa.
Babban ƙarfi, tsayin daka mai yawa, da ƙarancin matsi na dogon lokaci na dindindin duk manyan fa'idodi ne na TPU.
XiaoU zai yi bayani dalla-dalla kan halayen injina na TPU daga fannoni kamar ƙarfin tauri da tsawaitawa, juriya, tauri, da sauransu.
Ƙarfin tensile mai ƙarfi da kuma tsayin daka mai girma
TPU tana da ƙarfin juriya da tsawaitawa mai kyau. Daga bayanan da ke cikin hoton da ke ƙasa, za mu iya ganin cewa ƙarfin juriya da tsawaitawar TPU irin polyether sun fi na roba da roba polyvinyl chloride kyau.
Bugu da ƙari, TPU na iya biyan buƙatun masana'antar abinci ba tare da ƙara wani ƙarin abu ba ko kuma babu ƙarin abu yayin sarrafawa, wanda hakan kuma yana da wahalar cimma wasu kayayyaki kamar PVC da roba.
Juriya tana da matuƙar tasiri ga yanayin zafi
Juriyar TPU tana nufin matakin da ya dawo da sauri zuwa yanayinsa na asali bayan an rage matsin lamba na nakasa, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin kuzarin murmurewa, wanda shine rabon aikin nakasawa da aikin da ake buƙata don samar da nakasa. Yana aiki ne na yanayin aiki mai ƙarfi da gogayya ta ciki na jikin roba kuma yana da matukar tasiri ga zafin jiki.
Komawa yana raguwa tare da raguwar zafin jiki har sai wani zafin jiki ya yi yawa, kuma sassaucin yana ƙaruwa da sauri. Wannan zafin jiki shine zafin kristal na ɓangaren laushi, wanda tsarin macromolecular diol ke ƙaddara. Nau'in polyether TPU ya yi ƙasa da nau'in polyester TPU. A yanayin zafi ƙasa da zafin kristal, elastomer yana tauri sosai kuma yana rasa sassaucinsa. Saboda haka, juriya yana kama da dawowa daga saman ƙarfe mai tauri.
Taurin jeri: Shore A60-D80
Taurin kai alama ce ta ikon abu na jure wa nakasa, ƙima, da kuma karce.
Yawanci ana auna taurin TPU ta amfani da na'urorin gwajin taurin Shore A da Shore D, inda ake amfani da Shore A don TPUs masu laushi, yayin da ake amfani da Shore D don TPUs masu tauri.
Ana iya daidaita taurin TPU ta hanyar daidaita rabon sassan sarkar mai laushi da tauri. Saboda haka, TPU tana da kewayon tauri mai faɗi, tun daga Shore A60-D80, wanda ya mamaye taurin roba da filastik, kuma yana da babban sassauci a duk faɗin kewayon tauri.
Yayin da taurin ke canzawa, wasu halaye na TPU na iya canzawa. Misali, ƙara taurin TPU zai haifar da canje-canje a aiki kamar ƙara ƙarfin tensile da ƙarfin tsagewa, ƙaruwar tauri da matsin lamba (ƙarfin kaya), raguwar tsayi, ƙaruwar yawa da samar da zafi mai ƙarfi, da kuma ƙaruwar juriya ga muhalli.
5. Amfani da TPU
A matsayinta na elastomer mai kyau, TPU tana da nau'ikan hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki iri-iri kuma ana amfani da ita sosai a cikin abubuwan yau da kullun, kayan wasanni, kayan wasa, kayan ado, da sauran fannoni.
Kayan takalma
Ana amfani da TPU galibi don kayan takalma saboda kyawun laushi da juriyar sawa. Kayayyakin takalmi masu ɗauke da TPU sun fi dacewa a saka fiye da samfuran takalma na yau da kullun, don haka ana amfani da su sosai a cikin samfuran takalma masu tsada, musamman wasu takalman wasanni da takalma na yau da kullun.
bututun ruwa
Saboda laushinsa, ƙarfinsa mai kyau, ƙarfin tasiri, da kuma juriya ga yanayin zafi mai yawa da ƙasa, ana amfani da bututun TPU sosai a China a matsayin bututun iskar gas da mai don kayan aikin injiniya kamar jiragen sama, tankuna, motoci, babura, da kayan aikin injin.
kebul
TPU tana ba da juriya ga hawaye, juriya ga lalacewa, da kuma lanƙwasawa, tare da juriya mai yawa da ƙarancin zafin jiki shine mabuɗin aikin kebul. Don haka a kasuwar China, kebul na zamani kamar kebul na sarrafawa da kebul na wutar lantarki suna amfani da TPUs don kare kayan shafa na ƙirar kebul masu rikitarwa, kuma aikace-aikacen su yana ƙara yaɗuwa.
Na'urorin lafiya
TPU abu ne mai aminci, mai karko kuma mai inganci wanda aka yi amfani da shi wajen maye gurbin PVC, wanda ba zai ƙunshi Phthalate da sauran sinadarai masu cutarwa ba, kuma zai yi ƙaura zuwa jini ko wasu ruwaye a cikin katifar likita ko jakar likita don haifar da illa. Hakanan TPU ne na musamman da aka haɓaka musamman don fitarwa da allurar rigakafi.
fim
Fim ɗin TPU siriri ne da aka yi da kayan TPU ta hanyar hanyoyi na musamman kamar birgima, jefawa, busawa, da kuma shafawa. Saboda ƙarfinsa mai yawa, juriyar sawa, kyakkyawan sassauci, da juriyar yanayi, ana amfani da fina-finan TPU sosai a masana'antu, kayan takalma, sanya tufafi, motoci, sinadarai, lantarki, likitanci, da sauran fannoni.
Lokacin Saƙo: Fabrairu-05-2020