A 1958, Goodrich Chemical Company (yanzu an sake masa suna Lubrizol) ya yi rajistar alamar TPU Estane a karon farko. A cikin shekaru 40 da suka wuce, akwai fiye da 20 iri sunayen a duniya, kuma kowane iri yana da da dama jerin kayayyakin. A halin yanzu, TPU albarkatun kasa masana'antun yafi hada BASF, Covestro, Lubrizol, Huntsman Corporation, Wanhua Chemical Group, Shanghai Heng'an, Ruihua, Xuchuan Chemical, da dai sauransu.
1. TPU
Dangane da tsarin sassa mai laushi, ana iya raba shi zuwa nau'in polyester, nau'in polyether, da nau'in butadiene, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙungiyar ester, ƙungiyar ether, ko rukunin butene.
Dangane da tsarin sashi mai wuya, ana iya raba shi zuwa nau'in urethane da nau'in urethane urea, waɗanda aka samo su bi da bi daga sarkar ethylene glycol ko sarkar diamine. An raba rabe-raben gama gari zuwa nau'in polyester da nau'in polyether.
Dangane da kasancewar ko rashi na haɗin giciye, ana iya raba shi zuwa madaidaicin thermoplastic da Semi thermoplastic.
Na farko yana da tsattsauran tsarin layi mai tsafta kuma ba shi da haɗin kai; Ƙarshen yana ƙunshe da ƙaramin adadin haɗin giciye irin su Allophanic acid ester.
Bisa ga yin amfani da ƙãre kayayyakin, za a iya raba profiled sassa (daban-daban Machine kashi), bututu (sheaths, mashaya profiles), fina-finai (sheets, bakin ciki faranti), adhesives, coatings, zaruruwa, da dai sauransu.
2. Haɗin kai na TPU
TPU na da polyurethane dangane da tsarin kwayoyin halitta. Don haka, ta yaya aka tara?
A cewar daban-daban kira matakai, shi ne yafi raba zuwa girma polymerization da kuma bayani polymerization.
A cikin nau'in polymerization mai girma, ana iya raba shi zuwa hanyar polymerization na farko da kuma hanyar mataki ɗaya bisa ga kasancewar ko rashi na farko:
Hanyar prepolymerization ta ƙunshi amsa diisocyanate tare da diols macromolecular na wani ɗan lokaci kafin ƙara sarkar sarkar don samar da TPU;
Hanyar mataki ɗaya ta ƙunshi haɗawa lokaci guda da amsa diols macromolecular, diisocyanates, da masu shimfiɗa sarƙoƙi don samar da TPU.
Magani polymerization ya ƙunshi farko narkar da diisocyanate a cikin wani ƙarfi, sa'an nan ƙara macromolecular diols don amsa na wani lokaci, kuma a karshe ƙara sarkar extenders don samar da TPU.
Nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in TPU mai laushi, nauyin kwayoyin halitta, mai wuya ko mai laushi abun ciki, da TPU tarawa jihar na iya rinjayar da yawa na TPU, tare da nauyin kusan 1.10-1.25, kuma babu wani bambanci mai mahimmanci idan aka kwatanta da sauran rubbers da robobi.
A daidai wannan taurin, yawancin nau'in polyether TPU ya yi ƙasa da na nau'in polyester TPU.
3. Gudanar da TPU
Abubuwan TPU suna buƙatar matakai daban-daban don samar da samfurin ƙarshe, galibi ta amfani da narkewa da hanyoyin warwarewa don sarrafa TPU.
Tsarin narkewa shine tsarin da aka saba amfani dashi a cikin masana'antar filastik, kamar hadawa, mirgina, extrusion, gyare-gyaren busa, da gyare-gyare;
Gudanar da maganin shine tsarin shirya mafita ta hanyar narkar da barbashi a cikin sauran ƙarfi ko kuma sanya su kai tsaye a cikin sauran ƙarfi, sa'an nan kuma shafa, juyawa, da sauransu.
Samfurin ƙarshe da aka yi daga TPU gabaɗaya baya buƙatar vulcanization crosslinking dauki, wanda zai iya rage sake zagayowar samarwa da sake sarrafa kayan sharar gida.
4. Yin aikin TPU
TPU yana da haɓaka mai girma, ƙarfin ƙarfi, haɓakawa da haɓakawa, haɓaka juriya mai kyau, juriya mai ƙarfi, juriya mai ƙarancin zafi, da juriya na tsufa.
High tensile ƙarfi, high elongation, da kuma low dogon lokaci matsawa m nakasawa kudi ne duk gagarumin abũbuwan amfãni na TPU.
XiaoU zai fi yin bayani dalla-dalla game da kaddarorin injina na TPU daga fannoni kamar ƙarfin ƙarfi da haɓakawa, juriya, taurin, da sauransu.
Ƙarfin ƙarfi mai ƙarfi da tsayin tsayi
TPU yana da kyakkyawan ƙarfin ƙarfi da haɓakawa. Daga bayanan da ke cikin hoton da ke ƙasa, zamu iya ganin cewa ƙarfin ƙarfi da haɓakar nau'in polyether TPU sun fi na polyvinyl chloride filastik da roba.
Bugu da ƙari, TPU na iya saduwa da bukatun masana'antar abinci tare da ƙananan ko babu abubuwan da aka ƙara a lokacin sarrafawa, wanda kuma yana da wuyar samun wasu kayan kamar PVC da roba.
Jurewa yana da matukar damuwa ga zafin jiki
Ƙarfafawar TPU yana nufin matakin da ya dawo da sauri zuwa yanayinsa na asali bayan an cire damuwa na lalacewa, wanda aka bayyana a matsayin makamashi na farfadowa, wanda shine rabo na aikin raguwa na lalata zuwa aikin da ake bukata don samar da nakasawa. Yana da aiki na modules mai ƙarfi da juzu'i na ciki na jiki na roba kuma yana da matukar damuwa ga zafin jiki.
Maidowa yana raguwa tare da raguwar zafin jiki har zuwa wani zazzabi, kuma elasticity yana ƙaruwa da sauri. Wannan zafin jiki shine zafin jiki na crystallization na sashi mai laushi, wanda aka ƙaddara ta tsarin macromolecular diol. Nau'in Polyether TPU yayi ƙasa da nau'in polyester TPU. A yanayin zafi da ke ƙasa da zafin jiki na crystallization, elastomer ya zama mai tauri sosai kuma ya rasa elasticity. Saboda haka, juriya yana kama da sake dawowa daga saman karfe mai wuya.
Kewayon taurin shine Shore A60-D80
Taurin manuniya ce ta ikon abu don tsayayya da nakasawa, zira kwallo, da karce.
Yawancin taurin TPU ana auna ta ta amfani da Shore A da Shore D masu gwada ƙarfi, tare da Shore A da aka yi amfani da su don TPUs masu laushi da Shore D da aka yi amfani da su don ƙarin TPUs.
Ana iya daidaita taurin TPU ta hanyar daidaita ma'auni na sassa masu laushi da wuya. Saboda haka, TPU yana da ingantacciyar kewayon tauri mai faɗi, kama daga Shore A60-D80, yana ɗaukar taurin roba da robobi, kuma yana da babban elasticity a cikin kewayon taurin duka.
Yayin da taurin ya canza, wasu kaddarorin TPU na iya canzawa. Misali, haɓaka taurin TPU zai haifar da sauye-sauyen aiki kamar ƙara ƙarfin juriya da ƙarfin hawaye, ƙara ƙarfin ƙarfi da damuwa mai ƙarfi (ƙarfin kaya), rage haɓakawa, haɓakar ƙima da haɓakar zafi mai ƙarfi, da haɓaka juriya na muhalli.
5. Aikace-aikacen TPU
A matsayin elastomer mai kyau, TPU yana da kewayon samfurin kwatance na ƙasa kuma ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin buƙatun yau da kullun, kayan wasanni, kayan wasa, kayan ado, da sauran filayen.
Kayan takalma
Ana amfani da TPU da yawa don kayan takalma saboda kyakkyawan elasticity da juriya. Kayayyakin takalma da ke dauke da TPU sun fi dacewa da sawa fiye da kayan takalma na yau da kullum, don haka an fi amfani da su a cikin samfurori masu mahimmanci, musamman ma wasu takalman wasanni da takalma na yau da kullum.
tiyo
Saboda taushinsa, ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfi mai kyau, ƙarfin tasiri, da juriya ga yanayin zafi da ƙananan zafi, ana amfani da bututun TPU sosai a kasar Sin a matsayin iskar gas da man fetur don kayan aikin injiniya kamar jirgin sama, tankuna, motoci, babura, da kayan aikin inji.
na USB
TPU yana ba da juriya na hawaye, juriya, da halaye na lankwasawa, tare da tsayin daka da ƙarancin zafin jiki shine mabuɗin aikin kebul. Don haka a cikin kasuwannin kasar Sin, manyan igiyoyi irin su igiyoyi masu sarrafawa da igiyoyi masu amfani da wutar lantarki suna amfani da TPUs don kare kayan shafa na ƙirar kebul na hadaddun, kuma aikace-aikacen su yana ƙara yaduwa.
Na'urorin likitanci
TPU amintaccen abu ne, tsayayye kuma ingantaccen kayan maye gurbin PVC, wanda ba zai ƙunshi Phthalate da sauran abubuwa masu cutarwa ba, kuma zai yi ƙaura zuwa jini ko wasu ruwaye a cikin catheter na likita ko jakar likita don haifar da illa. Har ila yau, ƙira ce ta musamman da aka haɓaka da kuma matakin allura TPU.
fim
Fim din TPU fim ne na bakin ciki wanda aka yi daga kayan granular TPU ta hanyar matakai na musamman kamar mirgina, simintin gyare-gyare, busa, da kuma shafa. Saboda ƙarfinsa mai ƙarfi, juriya mai ƙarfi, haɓaka mai kyau, da juriya na yanayi, ana amfani da fina-finai na TPU sosai a cikin masana'antu, kayan takalma, kayan kwalliyar sutura, motoci, sinadarai, lantarki, likitanci, da sauran fannoni.
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-05-2020